# Diseases of the circulatory system types #
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## 10 diseases of the circulatory System ##
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Diseases of the cardiovascular system: types and key features
The cardiovascular system plays a Central role in the maintenance of homeostasis in the human body. It is the heart and the network of blood includes blood vessels — arteries, veins and capillaries — and provides for the Transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones and waste products. Diseases of this system are among the most common causes of death in the world and include a variety of disease patterns.
1. Coronary heart disease (CHD)
Coronary heart disease is caused by a narrowing or occlusion of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscle tissue with oxygen. The most common cause is atherosclerosis walls — the deposition of Plaques (made of cholesterol, fat and other substances) in the inner Vessel. Symptoms may include Angina pectoris (chest pain), shortness of breath and fatigue. In the severe case, the CHD leads to a myocardial infarction.
2. Heart failure
Heart failure is when the heart can no longer pump enough blood through the circulatory system to supply the body adequately. You can left‑ or right-sided occurrence, or both sides can relate. Causes are often previous infarction, hypertension, valvular or cardiomyopathies. Typical symptoms are shortness of breath (especially when Edema Are), on the legs, fatigue and decreased strength.
3. Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias are disturbances in the normal heart rhythm. You can speak more slowly than too fast (tachycardia), to (bradycardia), or irregular heartbeat. Causes range from electrolytic disorders and heart attacks to genetic factors. A particularly dangerous example, atrial fibrillation, increased seizures, the risk of shock.
4. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
Hypertension is when the blood pressure is consistently above the normal value of 140/90 mmHg. It is regarded as the silent Killer, because it runs for a long time asymptomatic, but the risk for heart attack, stroke, kidney damage, and retinal changes significantly increased. Risk factors include Obesity, salt overconsumption, Stress, alcohol, and family burden.
5. Heart valve defects
Malfunction of the heart valves (e.g., aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve insufficiency) disrupt the normal flow of blood through the heart. They can be congenital or acquired (for example, after rheumatic fever, or as a result of atherosclerosis). Symptoms can range from fatigue, dizziness, and chest pain to heart failure.
6. Inflammatory Heart Disease
To belong to this group, myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), endocarditis (inflammation of the inner heart wall), and pericarditis (inflammation of pericardium). Causes are infections (viruses, bacteria), auto-immune diseases, or medication side effects. Symptoms include chest pain, fever, tachycardia, and shortness of breath.
7. Aneurysms
An aneurysm is a local bulge of an artery, usually due to atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, or genetic disorders (e.g., Marfan syndrome). Especially dangerous aneurysms of the Aorta are, as they are in rupture life-threatening.
Summary
Diseases of the circulatory system are diverse and often interrelated. Early detection, healthy way of life (well-balanced diet, regular physical activity, not Smoking), and continuous medical care are crucial for the prevention and therapy of these diseases.
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## Cardiovascular diseases in school children ##
Cardiovascular diseases in school children: current developments and approaches to Prevention
In the last decades has changed the image of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children and adolescents significantly. While such diseases previously regarded as typical for older people, according to epidemiological studies, the risk can occur factors and the first signs already of school age.
Prevalence and risk factors
According to recent studies, the prevalence of risk factors for CVD is for children in school, worrying. Among the most important factors:
Overweight and obesity: The proportion of overweight school-age children is increasing continuously. Obesity increases the risk for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance.
Lack of exercise: a Lot of school children exceed the recommended screen time and move too little. A physical activity of at least 60 minutes a day is recommended by health organizations, however, is not often.
Unhealthy diet: A high volume of sugar‑ and fat-rich food in the diet of children, promotes Obesity and metabolic disorders.
Familial predisposition: Genetic factors and the Presence of CVD in the family increase the individual risk.
Environmental factors: socio-economic conditions and access to healthy lifestyles also play a role.
Clinical Manifestations
Although serious cardiovascular diseases in children are relatively rare, can occur in the following States:
High blood pressure (arterial hypertension): In the case of school children, he can often be attributed to the secondary to Obesity or kidney disease.
Lipid storage disorders: Increased levels of cholesterol, particularly LDL‑cholesterol, are already at young children, which is detectable.
Heart rhythm disturbances: Although usually benign, some require arrhythmias thorough clarification.
Congenital heart defects: Although they may be diagnosed at birth, can occur later complications in the school age.
Diagnostics
Early diagnosis is crucial for the prevention of later complications. Recommended tests include:
regular blood pressure measurements from the 3. Years of age;
Laboratory tests (lipid spectrum of blood sugar) in the Presence of risk factors;
physical examination with auscultation of the heart;
where appropriate, ECG and echocardiography in suspected structural or rhythmic anomalies.
Prevention and Intervention
A multi-factorial prevention strategy is necessary to reduce the risk of heart disease in school children:
Promotion of a healthy diet: schools should provide healthy meals and parents about the nutritional and physiological principles explain.
Increase physical activity: sports facilities in schools and leisure need to be strengthened.
Information and education: health education in the classroom can create a point of awareness for a healthy life.
Early detection programs: Regular checkups allow for the early identification of risk factors.
Family-oriented approaches: The involvement of parents is essential, because the behavior of the dining area and the movement of the children have an important influence.
Conclusion
Cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in school children represent a growing health challenge. A combination of early diagnosis, health promotion activities in schools and family-oriented prevention in the long term can reduce the risk and the health of the next Generation improve. Further research is needed to develop effective interventions and to evaluate their long-term effect.
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<a href="https://hedgedoc.team23.org/s/qE1oUbZkvy">Cardiovascular diseases in school children</a> ** Diseases of the circulatory system types **.
10 diseases of the circulatory system: threats to the Central life's work
The heart and the circulatory system, the Central power supply network of our body. They ensure that oxygen and nutrients to reach each cell and waste products to be removed. But it is precisely this important feature makes the System prone to interference. We present ten common diseases that can affect the circulatory System.
1. Arterial Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
One of the most common diseases in the world. In hypertension, the blood pressure is consistently above the normal value (140/90 mmHg). Without treatment, he is burdened heart and blood vessels and increases the risk for heart attack and stroke.
2. Coronary heart disease (CHD)
Deposits (atherosclerosis) narrowing of the heart arteries (coronary arteries), so that the heart muscle tissue is not sufficiently supplied with oxygen. Symptoms of chest pain (Angina pectoris), which occur when the load often.
3. Heart attack
An acute case of emergency: A full installation of a coronary artery leads to the death of a part of the heart muscle. The main cause is Coronary heart disease. Pain in the chest, radiating to the Arm, neck, or jaw, sweating, and shortness of breath are typical signs.
4. Heart Rhythm Disorders (Arrhythmias)
The heartbeat is too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly (e.g., atrial fibrillation). Causes can be heart damage, electrolyte disorders, or Stress. In severe forms there is an increased risk for shock seizures.
5. Heart failure
The heart loses its Capacity and is no longer able to provide the body enough. Follow shortness of breath (especially when swelling Are), the legs and excessive fatigue. The disease often develops slowly and is usually suffer the consequence of other heart.
6. Heart valve defects
Dieormale heart valves (e.g., Mitroalklappe or aortic valve) are narrowed to either (stenosis) or not close properly (insufficiency). This disturbs the flow of blood and charged to the heart. They are often discovered late due to a Heart murmur.
7. Atherosclerosis (Arteriosclerosis)
In the vascular walls, fats, calcium, and other substances are deposited. The vessels lose their elasticity and become narrow. This disease is the basis of many cardiovascular diseases, is also outside of the heart (e.g., in the leg arteries).
8. Stroke (Apoplexy)
A stroke occurs when a vessel in the brain is blocked or bursts. The result is an acute lack of oxygen in an area of the Brain is. Risk factors are hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis.
9. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD, colloquially leg pain when walking)
Here are the arteries of the legs due to atherosclerosis are narrowed. Typical Symptom is the klaudikatio claudication: discomfort when walking, the slacking remain in the Stand. In the advanced stage, it may even lead to tissue death (gangrene).
10. Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis, endocarditis)
Bacterial or viral infections can inflame the heart muscle (myocarditis) or the inner pericardium skin (endocarditis). Symptoms can range from fatigue and fever to heart rhythm disorders and heart failure.
Conclusion
Many of these diseases have common risk factors: Obesity, lack of exercise, Smoking, unhealthy diet and Stress. A healthy way of life, regular screening and early treatment of high blood pressure or Diabetes can reduce the risk significantly. The cardiovascular System is our lifeblood — it's worth it, good to take care of them.
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- [x] <a href="https://hedgedoc.obermui.de/s/4Nl0cM0MZ3">Rates of high blood pressure</a>
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## Rates of high blood pressure ##
Of course! Here is a scientific Text on the subject of the course of hypertension (history of hypertension) is in German:
The rate of hypertension: Pathophysiological development and clinical implications
Hypertension medical arterial hypertension referred to, is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and failure is a key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, stroke, and kidney. The course (the course) of high blood pressure is often progressive and may persist over several decades, with the clinical manifestations and organ damage in the course of time.
1. Early stage: Prähypertonie and essential hypertension
The history often begins with a stage of Prähypertonie, in which the blood pressure in the range of 120-139/80-89 mmHg. In many patients with essential (primary) hypertension, its causes are multifactorial, and include a combination of genetic Disposition, life include the influences of the style factors (e.g., high salt intake, Obesity, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption) and environmental developed this.
In this early stage, the symptoms are often non-specific, or are missing completely, which leads to an insufficient diagnostic guide. Typical symptoms may be headache, dizziness, or fatigue, however, are often attributed to other causes.
2. Progressive Phase of organ involvement and structural changes
With continuing high blood pressure progressive changes in various organs, which are referred to as organ damage caused by hypertension (target organ damage):
Heart: left ventricular enlargement (left ventricular hypertrophy), diastolic dysfunction, and in the progress of heart failure.
Blood vessels: Arteriosclerotic changes, vascular stiffness and endothelial damage.
Renal: Glomerulosclerosis, proteinuria and end-stage chronic renal failure.
Brain: cerebellum attacks, cognitive impairments and increased risk of stroke.
Eyes: retinopathy, vascular changes and possible vision loss.
3. Late phase: complications and life-threatening conditions
In the advanced stage, it can lead to acute, life-threatening complications:
Hypertensive crises with blood pressure values above 180/120 mmHg, which require a rapid reduction in blood pressure.
Aneurysms due to vascular weakness.
Hemorrhagic or ischemic strokes.
Acute Renal Failure.
4. The influence of therapy on the course of the disease
Early and adequate treatment can affect the course significantly positive. The therapy includes:
The style changes (reduction of salt, weight reduction, physical exercise, alcohol reduction) life.
Pharmacotherapy (ACE‑inhibitors, AT1‑receptor blockers, beta-blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers).
Regular blood pressure checks and adjustment of the medication.
Studies show that effective control of blood pressure (target value under 140/90 mmHg, can reduce at-risk patients under 130/80 mmHg), the risk of cardiovascular events by up to 50%.
Conclusion
The rate of high blood pressure typically proceeds over the decades, from an asymptomatic stage to serious organ damage and life-threatening complications. Early diagnosis, consistent blood pressure control, and multi-modal therapy are crucial to modify the course of the disease and to improve the quality of life and life expectancy of the Affected significantly.
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